Pharma Tips-5

41. Physostigmine is tertiary amine can cross BBB used in glaucoma and atropine toxicity. 
42. Neostigmine and pyridostigmine are used in ileus, myasthenia gravis.
43. AChE inhibitors poisoning cause (DUMBELS) which is diarrhoea, urination, miosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation (muscle and CNS), and lacrimation, salivation and sweating.
44. The antidote of AChE inhibitors poisoning is Atropine and Pralidoxime (2-PAM) to activate the esterase enzyme, atropine used first.
45. Vagal stimulation slows the heart caused by low dose of atropine.
46. Physostigmine tertiary amine carbamate Ach E inhibitor is the antidote of atropine. 
47. Benztropine is used in Parkinsonism and the treatment of dystonias.
48. MAO A in liver and anywhere it metabolizes NE, 5HT, tyramine, and MAO B in the brain it metabolizes DA, Cocaine blocks the re-uptake of NE.
49. Adrenergic receptors in the eye alpha1-receptors cause contraction of radial muscles lead to mydriasis, and in arterioles of skin and viscera cause contraction lead to increase the afterload and increase PVR.
50. Veins alpha1-receptors activation cause contraction leads to venous return and decrease the preload, in the bladder contraction of both trigone and sphincter leads to urinary retention.

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