Pharma Tips-341

1721. Vasopressin and oxytocin are released by the posterior pituitary gland.

1722. Metoprolol is a selective β₁‑blocker. Non‑selective beta‑blockers (e.g., timolol) decrease aqueous humour production; metoprolol does not significantly do so.

1723. Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of shingles and genital herpes.

1724. Tegaserod is a 5-HT₄ agonist, used for irritable bowel syndrome in women with constipation predominant.

1725. Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor; it is used for HIV.

Pharma Tips-340

1716. Out-patient on lithium takes 900- 1200 mg to maintain 0.6-0.8 mEq/L (lithium levels). Blood sampling is performed 10-12 hrs after the last dose (usually just before the morning dose).

1717. Desmopressin is used to treat primary nocturnal enuresis.

1718. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue; it is used only by subcutaneous route.

1719. Cilastatin is a renal dipeptidase inhibitor; it is co-administered with imipenem to prevent renal metabolism of imipenem.

1720. Growth hormone (somatotropin) is released by the anterior pituitary gland.