Pharma Tips-342

1726. TB testing is performed when the patient uses infliximab, due to its immunosuppressive properties.

1727. Secondary parkinsonism may be caused by dopamine antagonists, such as phenothiazines and butyrophenones (e.g., haloperidol), as well as dopamine-depleting agents such as reserpine.

1728. Secondary parkinsonism may be caused by poisoning with certain chemicals and heavy metals, including manganese, mercury, and cobalt.

1729. Secondary parkinsonism may be caused by infectious diseases such as viral encephalitis and neurosyphilis.

1730. Secondary parkinsonism may be caused by cerebrovascular disease (vascular parkinsonism), neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, and metabolic disorders.

Pharma Tips-341

1721. Vasopressin and oxytocin are released by the posterior pituitary gland.

1722. Metoprolol is a selective β₁‑blocker. Non‑selective beta‑blockers (e.g., timolol) decrease aqueous humour production; metoprolol does not significantly do so.

1723. Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of shingles and genital herpes.

1724. Tegaserod is a 5-HT₄ agonist, used for irritable bowel syndrome in women with constipation predominant.

1725. Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor; it is used for HIV.

Pharma Tips-340

1716. Out-patient on lithium takes 900- 1200 mg to maintain 0.6-0.8 mEq/L (lithium levels). Blood sampling is performed 10-12 hrs after the last dose (usually just before the morning dose).

1717. Desmopressin is used to treat primary nocturnal enuresis.

1718. Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin analogue; it is used only by subcutaneous route.

1719. Cilastatin is a renal dipeptidase inhibitor; it is co-administered with imipenem to prevent renal metabolism of imipenem.

1720. Growth hormone (somatotropin) is released by the anterior pituitary gland.