196. Drugs that may cause diarrhea are acarbose, alcohol, antacids (magnesium salts), antibiotics, anticoagulants, antihypertensives especially propranolol, antimetabolites especially colchicine, cardiovascular drugs especially digoxin, cholestyramine, cholinergics, cimetidine, cytotoxic agents, domperidone, HIV medications especially nelfinavir, lactose containing pharmaceuticals, lactulose, metoclopramide, misoprostol, NSAIDs especially naproxen, orlistat, potassium supplements, prostaglandins, SSRIs especially paroxetine, sulfasalazine and ticlopidine.
197. Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands.
198. Symptoms of hyponatremia are nausea, malaise, headache lethargy, confusion, obtundation means dull or less sharp.
199. Hypokalemia symptoms are muscle weakness, fatigue, shortness of breath, decreased sensation of arms and legs, abdominal bloating secondary to paralytic ileus.
200. Drug-food interactions:-
· Anticoagulants effect ↑ by vitamin E and ↓ by vitamin K.
· Anticonvulsants ↑ risk of folic acid and vitamin D deficiency.
· Fluoroquinolones/bisphosphonates absorption ↓ absorption by Mg, Ca, Fe; or Zn separates between them 2-4 hrs before or after.
· Methotrexate should be co-administered with folic acid (1-5mg) to minimize the risk of GI and liver toxicity.
· Orlistat and mineral oil ↓ the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and β-carotenes.
· Systemic glucocorticoids affect the absorption of calcium and vitamin D.
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