1. Sulphonamides displace warfarin in plasma protein increases its blood concentration leading to an increase in INR that leads to bleeding.
2. High Vd means low blood level of a drug and low Vd means high blood level.
3. Clorazepate has no activity and converts to nordiazepam.
4. P450 enzymes are present mainly in the liver, but they found in GIT, kidneys, lungs and brain; in the cell, they are present in the endoplasmic reticulum, they need NADPH to work.
5. Cimetidine, Macrolides are P450 inhibitors.
6. Disulfiram inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase leads to flushing (red face).
7. Rapid acetylators need more INH, hydralazine, procainamide doses and they are less affected by these drugs to cause a lupus-like reaction.
8. Zero-order means the rate of elimination is constant irrelevant to the concentration of drug in the blood, ethanol metabolized by the same amount irrespective to its blood level, phenytoin in low doses, toxic doses of salicylates follows zero-order kinetics.
9. First-order kinetics is concentration-dependent, most drugs follow 1st order kinetics.
2. High Vd means low blood level of a drug and low Vd means high blood level.
3. Clorazepate has no activity and converts to nordiazepam.
4. P450 enzymes are present mainly in the liver, but they found in GIT, kidneys, lungs and brain; in the cell, they are present in the endoplasmic reticulum, they need NADPH to work.
5. Cimetidine, Macrolides are P450 inhibitors.
6. Disulfiram inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase leads to flushing (red face).
7. Rapid acetylators need more INH, hydralazine, procainamide doses and they are less affected by these drugs to cause a lupus-like reaction.
8. Zero-order means the rate of elimination is constant irrelevant to the concentration of drug in the blood, ethanol metabolized by the same amount irrespective to its blood level, phenytoin in low doses, toxic doses of salicylates follows zero-order kinetics.
9. First-order kinetics is concentration-dependent, most drugs follow 1st order kinetics.
10. Loading dose LD = Vd Χ Css, the volume of distribution multiplied by plasma levels at steady state.
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