Pharma Tips

Pharma Tips-116

601. Theophylline toxicity symptoms are sinus tachycardia, insomnia, seizure, nausea, and vomiting.

602. Insulin resistance is often due to upper body obesity and acute renal failure.

603. Bulk-forming laxatives are used to treat constipation and chronic watery diarrhea.

604. Ergot alkaloids cause vasoconstriction.

605. Erythromycin estolate is associated with cholestatic hepatitis.

A patient does not want to take pain medication because he is scared of its side effects, the doctor told the pharmacist to give the pain medication and inform the patient that it is a natural vitamin ; the doctor is acting on which ethical principle:

A) Non-maleficence

B) Beneficence

C) Autonomy

D) Veracity

E) Paternalism

Pharma Tips-115

596. Gefitinib is used to treat non-small cell lung cancer.

597. Modafinil, methylphenidate, and dextroamphetamine are approved to treat narcolepsy.

598. Succimer increases renal excretion of lead, by chelating with lead and forming water-soluble complexes.

599. Mirtazapine is a potent antagonist of 5-HT2 and 3 receptors.

600. Fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK) should be given to cystic fibrosis patients, due to lipase deficiency.

Pharma Tips-114

591. Aluminum and magnesium antacids are not used with dialysis patients.

592. Melatonin is an endogenous hormone, secreted by the pineal gland, and regulates sleep and circadian rhythm.

593. Miglustat is used to treat Gaucher’s disease.

594. Simvastatin is the highest elevator of HDL levels.

595. Sibutramine is used with patients who are > 30 Kg/m², and should not be used with MAOIs, and poorly controlled hypertension patients.

Pharma Tips-113

586. Bacitracin is highly nephrotoxic.

587. Famotidine, capecitabine, and gentamicin require dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment.

588. Influenza vaccine is available in injections and intra-nasal forms.

589. Testosterone is available as an ointment, injections, and transdermal patches.

590. Valacyclovir and cetirizine are not affected by food.

Pharma Tips-112

581. Telithromycin is a ketolide antibiotic.

582. Efalizumab is used to treat plaque psoriasis.

583. Oseltamivir is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A and B infection.

584. Progestin cause weight gain, headache, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.

585. Nitrates cause tolerance with prolonged use, so free nitrate treatment periods should be established.

Pharma Tips-111

576. Pyrogens are removed by heat.

577. Propranolol, nifedipine, and nitroglycerin are drugs subjected to first pass effect.

578. Gas sterilization is the most common method to sterilize powders especially talc.

579. Duloxetine is used to treat depression and diabetic neuropathy.

580. Teriparatide is used for post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Pharma Tips-110

571. Soda lime is a reagent for absorption of carbon dioxide.

572. Limulus test is a test for pyrogens.

573. Magnesium stearate is used as a lubricant.

574. Oxycel is an agent that promotes clotting.

575. Bacteria and fungi are removed by 0.22 μm filters.

Pharma Tips-109

566. Bismuth subsalicylate mechanism of action as antidiarrheal is adsorbent of bacteria and toxins.

567. Cellulose acetate phthalate is used as enteric coating material.

568. Cocoa butter (theobroma oil) is useful, because it melts at 37°c, and releases the drug.

569. The most used method for sterilization is the moist heat.

570. Ampholyte is a substance that can act as acid or base like NaH2PO4.

Pharma Tips-108

561. Vanishing creams are O/W bases.

562. Strong acids donate protons readily.

563. Reaction rate increases mostly by temperature.

564. Ethylene glycol may oxidize to form oxalic acid, which is corrosive and quite toxic.

565. Sunscreens that contain PABA should be applied 2 hours before sun exposure.

Pharma Tips-107

556. In acetaminophen toxicity, the first liver enzyme to be elevated is aspartate transaminase.

557. Framingham risk score is the primary risk tool to assess 10 years risk for CVD.

558. 400,000 units of penicillin equal to 250 mg.

559. Freeze drying is based on sublimation.

560. Gums are effective only as binders.