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466. Vancomycin has no systemic absorption if given PO.

467. Acitretin (soriatane) is an analog of vitamin A, and it is used to treat psoriasis.

468. Information about half-life and pharmacokinetics are found in USPDI.

469. Bacteroides fragilis is treated with metronidazole, clindamycin, and cefoxitin.

470. To avoid complications (swelling), in spinal cord injuries give intravenous methyl prednisolone.

Pharma Tips-88

461. Pneumocystis pneumonia is caused by pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii), and treated by co-trimoxazole used with steroids, pentamidine, atovaqoune, clindamycin may be used, for prevention bactrim, and less frequently inhaled pentamidine.

462. Benzlkonium chloride and thiomersal are preservatives that might cause allergic reactions.

463. Azathioprine, diuretics, alcohol, steroids, cause pancreatitis.

464. Enalapril, and terfenadine are prodrugs.

465. Endocarditis prophylaxis; amoxicillin 2g oral (PO) 1 hour, or clindamycin 600 mg PO 1 hour before the procedure, ampicillin IV 2 g 30 minutes, or clindamycin 600 mg IV 30 minutes before the procedure.

Pharma Tips-87

456. Dobutamine is used in cardiogenic shock.

457. Do not shake turbohaler, disc inhaler, imitrex spray, and flonase (fluticasone) shake it gently.

458. Label for benzoyl peroxide bleaches fabric and clothes.

459. Sulindac is the anti-inflammatory used in case of renal failure.

460. Mycoplasma pneumonia is treated by erythromycin, doxycycline, and 2nd generation of quinolones.

Pharma Tips-86

451. Amiodarone half-life is 50 days.

452. Mineral oil may cause anal pruritus, and aspiratory pneumonia.

453. Morphine stimulates chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), and vomiting, causes pin-point pupil, and respiratory depression.

454. Avoid sucralfate and magnesium containing products in renal failure, sucralfate is used to treat stress ulcer, it causes constipation, xerostomia, and headache.

455. Flurazepam has a very long half-life (40-250 hours), metabolites effects.

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446. Vitamin B6 (pyrodixine) increases the metabolism of L-dopa.

447. Terfenadine increases QT interval.

448. Cheilitis is the inflammation and cracking of the skin of the lips.

449. Tobramycin is aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of pseudomonal infections.

450. Methotrexate is the fastest drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Pharma Tips-84

441. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis results in hypothyroidism.

442. Plummer disease (toxic nodular goitre) is a form of hyperthyroidism.

443. Penicillamine causes glumerulonephritis, aplastic anemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

444. Patients have CHF and severe hypertension (HTN) is treated with ACEIs + thiazide diuretics.

445. Gemfibrozil decreases total cholesterol and triglycerides; it should be taken 30 minutes before morning and evening meals.

Pharma Tips-83

436. Cyclophosphamide is taken on an empty stomach with plenty of water.

437. Schilling test is for the diagnosis of vitamin B¹² anaemia (pernicious anaemia).

438. Meningitis is caused by neisseria meningitidis and streptococcus pneumoniae.

439. All women who are planning to be pregnant, and they have a risk of neural tube defect should take folic acid (4 mg daily), 3 months before, and 3 months after conception.

440. Estrogen deficiency causes atrophic vaginitis, osteoporosis, infertility, and vasomotor symptoms like hot flashes.

Pharma Tips-82

431. Gonorrhoea is treated by azithromycin, cefixime, spectinomycin, ciprofloxacin or metronidazole.

432. Coal tar is used to treat dandruff and psoriasis, it can be given with steroids, it causes photosensitivity, and stains the clothes.

433. Intramuscular gold products are more effective than oral products, gold products can cause proteinuria.

434. Retinopathy is caused by hydroxychloroquine, quinine, hydroquinone, amiodarone, ethambutol, and thioridazine.

435. Metronidazole causes peripheral neuropathy.

Pharma Tips-81

426. Amitriptyline is used to treat depression cases with insomnia.

427. Primary references are journals and trials, secondary references are abstracts and summaries, tertiary references are text books.

428. Pemoline is used in the treatment of ADHD and it is not registered with narcotics.

429. Fiorinal (aspirin + butalbital + caffeine) could be taken in a verbal prescription.

430. Back-order is occurred when a manufacturer send part of order, and will send the rest of the order later.

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421. Streptomycin is not used to treat meningitis, it is only available in an injectable form.

422. Nalidixic acid is a fluoroquinolone analog.

423. Bacterial pneumonia is treated by amoxicillin + aminoglycosides, or clarithromycin, or levofloxacin.

424. First-line treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with E.coli is sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.

425. Peptic ulcer that caused by helicobacter pylori is treated with amoxicillin + clarithromycin + omeprazole ± metronidazole.

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416. Diltiazem inhibits the metabolism of simvastatin.

417. Rasburicase is used to treat severe hyperuricemia associated with the treatment of malignancy.

418. Agglutinins are antibodies that cause bacteria to clump together.

419. Vancomycin is the drug of choice in the treatment of pseudo-membranous colitis associated with antibiotic use.

420. Penicillin should be administered on an empty stomach to improve its bio-availability.