Pharma Tips-75

396. Valproic acid increases the levels of phenobarbital by 40%, when given together.
397. Types of medication errors; omission of dose, extra-dose, non-compliance, under dosage, incorrect dose, incorrect strength or concentration, incorrect drug, or dosage form, incorrect technique, incorrect route, incorrect duration, error in monitoring, deteriorated drug, drug-drug or disease or food interaction, error in transcribing, incorrect labelling, error in prescribing, failure to adjust dose as needed, lack of preventive therapy.
398. Look-alike medications; 
  • Celebrex = cerebyx = celexa
  • Ceftin = cefzil
  • Hycomine = hycodan
  • Inderal = isordil = toradol = adderall = imdur = imuran
  • Lamisil = lomotil = lamictal
  • Percodan = percocet
  • Tobrex = tobradex
  • Trusopt = cosopt
  • Xanax = zantac
  • Xenical = xeloda = senokot
  • Ampicillin = amoxicillin = aminophylline
  • Azithromycin = erythromycin
  • Chlorpromazine = chlorpropamide = clomipramine = prochlorperazine = promethazine = clomiphene
  • Dimenhydrinate = diphenhydramine
  • Enalapril = ramipril
  • Dicetel = diclectin
  • Hydralazine = hydroxyzine
  • Tanacet (feverfew) = tramacet
399. Some abbreviations; 
  • SID = once daily
  • CC = with meals
  • BT = bedtime
  • OJ = orange juice
  • Per os = orally 
  • Qn = nightly
  • SS = sliding scale
  • HS = half strength = at bedtime
  • TIW = three times a week
  • Tbsp = tablespoonful
  • Tsp = teaspoonful
  • AZT = zidovudine
  • HCT = hydroxycortisone
  • HCTZ = hydrochlorothiazide
  • MS = morphine sulfate 
  • MTX = methotrexate 
  • Nitro drip = nitroprusside
  • Norflox = norfloxacin
  • IV Vanc = intravenous vancomycin
400. Serum fentanyl conc. (skin patch) increases by 1/3, when the body temperature reaches 40˚c, due to increased skin permeability. Fentanyl is extensively metabolized by P450 3A4 enzymes. Fentanyl overdose symptoms include; shallow breathing, tiredness, extreme sleepiness, inability to think, talk, or walk normally, feeling faint, dizzy, or confused.

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