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1121. Aluminum and magnesium antacids reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin.

1122. Renal clearance of procainamide decreases by the use of cimetidine because they compete for renal tubular secretion.

1123. Sucralfate decreases the absorption of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin.

1124. Cisapride stimulates serotonin receptors, increases the release of acetylcholine, and increases gastrointestinal motility.

1125. Doxylamine and diphenhydramine are sedatives-hypnotic antihistamines.

Pharma Tips-219

1116. Zalcitabine causes severe oral and esophageal ulcers.

1117. Aluminum antacids cause constipation, but magnesium antacids cause diarrhea.

1118. Calcium carbonate has a fast onset of action and the most prolonged duration of action among all antacids.

1119. Antacids should not be taken more than 2 weeks without the permission of a health care provider.

1120. Antacids decrease the excretion of amphetamine, so increase its side effects and toxicity.

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1111. Itraconazole should be taken after a full meal for optimum absorption.

1112. Doxycycline (Vibramycin) is the most prolonged half-life and the highest lipid-soluble tetracycline, and it is the only one used for the prophylaxis of traveler's diarrhea caused by E.coli.

1113. Amantadine is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A infections and used for the treatment of parkinsonism. 

1114. Probenecid (uricosuric) decreases renal excretion of antibiotics increasing their serum concentration leading to prolongation of their actions.

1115. Didanosine and stavudine may cause peripheral neuropathy characterized by numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet or hands.

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1106. The relative ototoxicity by aminoglycosides are streptomycin = kanamycin > amikacin = gentamicin = tobramycin > netilmicin.

1107. The relative nephrotoxicity by aminoglycosides are: neomycin > kanaycin = amikacin = gentamicin = netilmicin > tobramycin > streptomycin.

1108. Streptomycin is used along with isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of tuberculosis.

1109. Chloramphenicol may produce gray baby syndrome in neonates which characterized by vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, gray cyanosis shock, and even death.

1110. Atovaquone is an antiprotozoal agent that is used in the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients intolerant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP).

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1101. Penicillin may cause antibiotic pseudo-membranous colitis which can be treated with vancomycin, cholestyramine, metronidazole, or bacitracin.

1102. Sulfonamides may displace sulfonylureas in the protein binding sites due to higher affinity.

1103. Cefoperazone can be safely administered in renal impairment.

1104. Cefuroxime is the only 2nd generation of cephalosporins that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), however, all 3rd generation can cross BBB.

1105. Azithromycin should be taken without food because food affects the drug bioavailability.

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1096. Bromocriptine long treatment may produce pleural infusion, thickening, and pulmonary infiltrates.

1097. Haloperidol has the lowest sedation and the highest Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) among all antipsychotics.

1098. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is associated with haloperidol, depot fluphenazine, chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, and prochlorperazine.

1099. Penicillinase-resistant penicillins such as; methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin, and dicloxacillin.

1100. Otitis media can be treated with augmentin (amoxicillin + clavulanate).

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1091. Metoclopramide increases the absorption of levodopa by enhancing gastric emptying.

1092. Sinemet treatment after several years may cause akinesia (inability to initiate movement), tremor, and rigidity; this is called the on-off effect of the sinemet.

1093. Drug holiday must be given in the treatment of sinemet to prevent down-regulation of dopamine receptors.

1094. Selegiline dose when exceeds 40mg/day will result in loss of MAO-B selectivity.

1095. Bromocriptine (Parlodel) has the longest duration of action among all Parkinson's drugs (~50hrs half-life).