Pharma Tips

Pharma Tips-272

1376. Fexofenadine; aluminium, magnesium antacids decrease levels, and fruit juices decrease bioavailability.

1377. Loratadine causes xerostomia and is taken on an empty stomach.

1378. Pseudoephedrine decreases the antihypertensive effect of beta-blockers, and its use is contraindicated with MAOIs or within 14 days of MAOIs discontinuation.

1379. Montelukast causes flu-like symptoms, headache, and abdominal pain.

1380. Levocabastine needs priming; discontinue if no improvement for 3 days.

Pharma Tips 271

1371. Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are the preferred treatment for allergic rhinitis.

1372. Aspirin toxicity may include pulmonary oedema, respiratory alkalosis, systemic acidosis, tremor, confusion, and coma; give charcoal and IV fluids plus bicarbonate.

1373. TCA toxicity may include tachycardia, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention; give charcoal, bicarbonate to protect the heart.

1374. First-generation antihistamines to be stopped 2-4 days before skin testing for allergy.

1375. Cetrizine causes somnolence, vomiting, and pharyngitis; it is a metabolite of hydroxyzine.

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1366. Zidovudine (AZT) causes myositis, myocarditis, leukopenia, and liver steatosis (fat formation).

1367. Oxybenzone protects against UVA and UVB.

1368. First-generation antihistamines cause sedation, learning impairment in children, and increase intraocular pressure (narrow-angle glaucoma).

1369. Mometasone and fluticasone are recommended in the treatment of allergic rhinitis because of their low systemic bioavailability and absence of growth suppression.

1370. Budesonide is used as a nasal spray in allergic rhinitis in children.

1361. Drugs associated with erectile dysfunction may include acetazolamide, alcohol (acute and chronic use), alpha-blockers, atenolol, barbiturates, carbamazepine, cimetidine, clofibrate, clonidine, digoxin, finasteride, ketoconazole, labetalol, lithium, MAOIs, methadone, phenytoin, metoclopramide, propranolol, phenothiazines, SSRIs, TCAs, and thiazides.

1362. Clomiphene can cause hot flashes and visual disturbances.

1363. Aluminium, magnesium, and ferrous reduce the absorption of ciprofloxacin.

1364. Chlorohexidine causes brown teeth.

1365. Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach.

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Hierarchy of Scientific Evidence Pyramid

Pharma Tips-267

1356. Meperidine is contraindicated with fluoxetine.

1357. Amlodipine is not used in myocardial infarction.

1358. Norovirus (Norwalk) causes diarrhoea.

1359. Lactose intolerance causes diarrhoea.

1360. Antibiotics, colchicine, laxatives, and magnesium antacids can cause diarrhoea.

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1351. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and causes intravascular coagulation.

1352. Pyrexia (fever) can be caused by penicillins. cephalosporins, vaccines, heparin, phenytoin, quinidine, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, vancomycin, methyldopa, sulfonamides.

1353. An increase in INR increases the risk of bleeding, while a decrease in INR increases the risk of clotting (coagulation).

1354. Meperidine can cause seizures.

1355. Codiene < meperidine < oxycodone < fentanyl as a pain killer, and the least potent is the most allergic.