Pharma Tips-267

1356. Meperidine is contraindicated with fluoxetine.

1357. Amlodipine is not used in myocardial infarction.

1358. Norovirus (Norwalk) causes diarrhoea.

1359. Lactose intolerance causes diarrhoea.

1360. Antibiotics, colchicine, laxatives, and magnesium antacids can cause diarrhoea. 

Pharma Tips-266

1351. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria and causes intravascular coagulation.

1352. Pyrexia (fever) can be caused by penicillins. cephalosporins, vaccines, heparin, phenytoin, quinidine, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, vancomycin, methyldopa, sulfonamides.

1353. An increase in INR increases the risk of bleeding, while a decrease in INR increases the risk of clotting (coagulation).

1354. Meperidine can cause seizures.

1355. Codiene < meperidine < oxycodone < fentanyl as a pain killer, and the least potent is the most allergic.

Pharma Tips-265

1346. Captopril and alpha-adrenergic blockers decrease insulin resistance.

1347. Acarbose inhibits alpha-glucosidase and decreases glucose levels.

1348. The most effective medications in GERD are proton pump inhibitors. 

1349. Ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in pregnancy. 

1350. Sulfa drugs increase INR.

Pharma Tips-264

1341. Chloasma pigmentation is treated with hydroquinone. 

1342. Dimenhydramine can be taken before the trip by 30 minutes before.

1343. Plan-B side effect is breast tenderness. 

1344. Otitis media can be treated with ceftriaxone IM.

1345. Haemoglobin A1C is monitored every three months.

Pharma Tips-263

1336. Cisplatin is nephrotoxic and causes hearing loss. 

1337. Pinpoint pupil and respiratory depression are caused by narcotic analgesics.

1338. A pregnant woman with a UTI can take amoxicillin.

1339. A patient with renal failure can not take NSAIDS, just acetaminophen.

1340. Mirtazepine causes lower rates of sexual dysfunction. 

Pharma Tips-262

1331. Miacalin spray needs priming, and shaking gently.

1332. Levostin eye drops (levocabastine), shake well before using.

1333. Spiriva do not shake it.

1334. Antiarrhythmic classes:

1. Na channel blockers:

a. Prolong AP (action potential); eg. quinidine, and procainamide. 

b. Shorten AP; eg. lidocaine, and phenytoin. 

c. No effect on AP; eg. flecainide, and propafenone.

2. Beta-blockers (block beta one activation); eg. atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, and sotalol. 

3. Potassium/ multichannel blockers; prolong AP, and suppress atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, eg. amiodarone, dronedarone, dofetilide, and sotalol.

4. Calcium channel blockers; slow AV nodal conduction. eg. verapamil, and dilitiazem.

5. Miscellaneous; eg. adenosine, digoxin, and magnesium.

1335. Fosinopril can be used in renal failure without dose adjustment.

Pharma Tips-261

1326. Over-the-counter products and cold products may contain; acetaminophen, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, pyrilamine, diphenhydramine, triprolidine, codeine, dextromethorphan, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, ammonium chloride as expectorant, guaifensin, and sodium citrate. 

1327. Normal values for some elements in the body; 

Sodium 135-145 mEq/L

Potassium 3.5-5 mEq/L

Chloride 95-108 mEq/L

Magnesium 1.5-2.2 mEq/L

Calcium 8.5-10.5 mEq/L

Phosphate 2.5-4.5 mEq/L

1328. Pregnant women with candidiasis can use clotrimazole.

1329. Latanoprost causes iris pigmentation.

1330. Mesna is a uroprotectant used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide, and ifosfamide.