Pharma Tips-265

1346. Captopril and alpha-adrenergic blockers decrease insulin resistance.

1347. Acarbose inhibits alpha-glucosidase and decreases glucose levels.

1348. The most effective medications in GERD are proton pump inhibitors. 

1349. Ciprofloxacin is contraindicated in pregnancy. 

1350. Sulfa drugs increase INR.

Pharma Tips-264

1341. Chloasma pigmentation is treated with hydroquinone. 

1342. Dimenhydramine can be taken before the trip by 30 minutes before.

1343. Plan-B side effect is breast tenderness. 

1344. Otitis media can be treated with ceftriaxone IM.

1345. Haemoglobin A1C is monitored every three months.

Pharma Tips-263

1336. Cisplatin is nephrotoxic and causes hearing loss. 

1337. Pinpoint pupil and respiratory depression are caused by narcotic analgesics.

1338. A pregnant woman with a UTI can take amoxicillin.

1339. A patient with renal failure can not take NSAIDS, just acetaminophen.

1340. Mirtazepine causes lower rates of sexual dysfunction. 

Pharma Tips-262

1331. Miacalin spray needs priming, and shaking gently.

1332. Levostin eye drops (levocabastine), shake well before using.

1333. Spiriva do not shake it.

1334. Antiarrhythmic classes:

1. Na channel blockers:

a. Prolong AP (action potential); eg. quinidine, and procainamide. 

b. Shorten AP; eg. lidocaine, and phenytoin. 

c. No effect on AP; eg. flecainide, and propafenone.

2. Beta-blockers (block beta one activation); eg. atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, and sotalol. 

3. Potassium/ multichannel blockers; prolong AP, and suppress atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, eg. amiodarone, dronedarone, dofetilide, and sotalol.

4. Calcium channel blockers; slow AV nodal conduction. eg. verapamil, and dilitiazem.

5. Miscellaneous; eg. adenosine, digoxin, and magnesium.

1335. Fosinopril can be used in renal failure without dose adjustment.

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1326. Over-the-counter products and cold products may contain; acetaminophen, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, pyrilamine, diphenhydramine, triprolidine, codeine, dextromethorphan, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, ammonium chloride as expectorant, guaifensin, and sodium citrate. 

1327. Normal values for some elements in the body; 

Sodium 135-145 mEq/L

Potassium 3.5-5 mEq/L

Chloride 95-108 mEq/L

Magnesium 1.5-2.2 mEq/L

Calcium 8.5-10.5 mEq/L

Phosphate 2.5-4.5 mEq/L

1328. Pregnant women with candidiasis can use clotrimazole.

1329. Latanoprost causes iris pigmentation.

1330. Mesna is a uroprotectant used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide, and ifosfamide.

Pharma Tips-260

1321. Limewater is calcium hydroxide.

1322. Sweet oil is olive oil. 

1323. Highly protein-bound drugs may include; barbiturates, sulfur, sulfonamides, clofibrate, tolbutamide, salicylate, and warfarin. 

1324. Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 may include; allopurinol, warfarin, metronidazole, anabolic agents, chloramphenicol, MAOIs, cimetidine, disulfiram, INH, macrolides antibiotics. 

1325. Drugs that induce cytochrome P450 may include; alcohol, nicotine, chloralhydrate, phenobarbital, cortisone, chlordiazepoxide, prednisone, imipramine, and testersterone.

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1316. Drugs that might cause insomnia include; amantadine, amphetamines, anticholinergics, appetite suppressants, beta2 agonists, beta-blockers, bupropion, caffeine, calcium channel blockers, clonidine, cocaine, alcohol, corticosteroids, daunorubicin, decongestants, diuretics, goserelin, leuprolide, levodopa, LSD, medroxyprogesterone, mefloquine, methylphenidate, nicotine, oral contraceptives, pentostatin, phenytoin, progesterone, quinidine, reserpine, SSRIs, selegiline, theophylline, thyroid hormone.

1317. Drugs that could be taken without food may include; penicillin, labetalol, lansoprazole, cefaclor, levodopa, didanosine, lithium, digoxin, metoprolol, diltiazem, nimodipine, etidronate, penicillamine, furosemide, propranolol, indinavir, rifampin, INH, zafirlukast.

1318. Medications that are not used with antacids may include; digoxin, ketoconazole, fluoroquinolones, quinidine, iron preparations, INH, tetracycline, warfarin, 

1319. Burow's solution contains aluminium acetate (astringent).

1320. Dakin's solution contains sodium hypochlorite.