Pharma Tips-252

1281. Oppositional defiant disorder occurs in 35% of children with ADHD.

1282. Dextroamphetamine side effects may include insomnia, decreased appetite, and headache. 

1283. CNS stimulants block dopamine and norepinephrine receptors. 

1284. Nifedipine can be used in Raynaud's s syndrome treatment. 

1285. Nifedipine side effects may include flush, tachycardia, headache, orthostatic hypotension, & oedema. 

Pharma Tip-251

1276. Beta-blockers decrease the risk of myocardial infarction and they are not recommended for older than 60 years.

1277. Pentoxifylline is a xanthine derivative; that decreases blood viscosity, and may cause nausea, and flushing, it reduces the adenosine effect and increases the effect of theophylline, warfarin, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs.

1278. Cilostazol inhibits platelet aggregation, due to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 3. 

1279. ADHD predominant inattentive requires 6 out of 9 symptoms, also mostly hyperactive/impulsive requires 6 out of 9 symptoms, combined inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive require 12 out of 18 symptoms. 

1280. Atypical antipsychotics are helpful in both ADHD and Tourettes syndrome.

Pharma Tips-250

1271. Procainamide may induce systemic lupus erythematosus. 

1272. Octreotide + midodrine used in post-prandial hypotension.

1273. Raloxifene increases the risk of venous thromboembolism.

1274. Warfarin may be used safely with breastfeeding women.

1275. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) decrease the risk of ischemic events.

Pharma Tip-249

1266. Heparin reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis but increases the risk of intra- and extra-cranial bleeding.

1267. After "Administration of alteplase 24 hours no aspirin or clopidogrel etc. 

1268. Flecainide or propafenone are not used in structural heart disease.

1269. Verapamil may cause constipation, hypotension, flushing, and bradycardia. 

1270. Magnesium is used for torsades de pointes.

Pharma Tip-248

1261. Antiplatelet drugs are the drugs of choice for long-term prevention of atherothrombotic events.

1262. Ticlopidine may cause diarrhea, skin rash, and neutropenia.

1263. Oral contraceptives increase the risk of ischemic stroke.

1264. Warfarin is contra-indicated in pregnancy.

1265. Alteplase should be given within 3 hours of a stroke. 

Pharma Tips-247

1256. Hydralazine may cause lupus like syndrome.

1257. Drug interaction between nitrates and sildenafil may lead to severe hypotension.

1258. Digoxin and verapamil increase the rick of bradycardia.

1259. Non-modifiable risk factor include age, sex, and family history. 

1260. Modifiable risk factors include blood pressure, dyslipidemia, smoking, and diabetes.  

Pharma Tips-246

1251. Verapamil and diltiazem have negative inotropic effects.

1252. For low cardiac output may use milrinone or dobutamine.

1253. Thiazide diuretics may be used in mild heart failure.

1254. Loop diuretics may be used in decompensated heart failure. 

1255. Ethacrynic acid is used as an alternative to loop diuretics (allergy) and has more ototoxicity.