Pharma Tips

1266. Heparin reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis but increases the risk of intra- and extra-cranial bleeding.

1267. After "Administration of alteplase 24 hours no aspirin or clopidogrel etc.

1268. Flecainide or propafenone are not used in structural heart disease.

1269. Verapamil may cause constipation, hypotension, flushing, and bradycardia.

1270. Magnesium is used for torsades de pointes.

1261. Antiplatelet drugs are the drugs of choice for long-term prevention of atherothrombotic events.

1262. Ticlopidine may cause diarrhea, skin rash, and neutropenia.

1263. Oral contraceptives increase the risk of ischemic stroke.

1264. Warfarin is contra-indicated in pregnancy.

1265. Alteplase should be given within 3 hours of a stroke.

1256. Hydralazine may cause lupus like syndrome.

1257. Drug interaction between nitrates and sildenafil may lead to severe hypotension.

1258. Digoxin and verapamil increase the rick of bradycardia.

1259. Non-modifiable risk factor include age, sex, and family history.

1260. Modifiable risk factors include blood pressure, dyslipidemia, smoking, and diabetes.

1251. Verapamil and diltiazem have negative inotropic effects.

1252. For low cardiac output may use milrinone or dobutamine.

1253. Thiazide diuretics may be used in mild heart failure.

1254. Loop diuretics may be used in decompensated heart failure.

1255. Ethacrynic acid is used as an alternative to loop diuretics (allergy) and has more ototoxicity.

1246. Heart failure symptoms may include fatigue, dyspnea, and fluid retention.

1247. Doxorubicin, cocaine, cyclophosphamide, imatinib, trastuzumab, and alcohol are cardiotoxic drugs.

1248. Sodium intake in heart failure is less than 2-3 g/day and 1-2 g/day in severe heart failure.

1249. Eplerenone (aldosterone antagonist) does not cause gynecomastia.

1250. Nitrates + hydralazine combination is used in heart failure.

1241. Treatment with naphazoline eye drops for redness, burning, and irritation of the eye should not be done more than 72 hours.

1242. Budesonide side effects hypertension, edema, weight gain, hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting, and hyperglycemia.

1243. Trazodone could be used as a sleeping aid if benzodiazepines do not work.

1244. PaO2 = partial pressure alveolar oxygen.

1245. Nitroglycerin spray should not be shaken.

1236. Nifedipine is taken on an empty stomach.

1237. Phenytoin is to be taken with food.

1238. Doxycycline is to be taken with food.

1239. Methotrexate is taken on an empty stomach.

1240. Lithium, phenytoin, theophylline, and digoxin all have a narrow therapeutic index.