Pharma Tips-207

1056. Myopathy is the general term of muscle dysfunction.

1057. Myalgia is muscle pain without creatine kinase rise.

1058. Myositis is muscle pain with creatine kinase rise.

1059. Rhabdomyolysis is muscle pain with significant creatine kinase rise and renal dysfunction.

1060. In dyslipidemia, LDL accumulates producing plaques leading to atherosclerosis.

Pharma Tips-206

1051. Cidofovir is contraindicated in patients with severe hypersensitivity to probenecid or sulfa-drugs.

1052. Tamsulosin is used for BPH and not used for hypertension.

1053. Colchicine therapy should be started in 1-2 days after a gout attack.

1054. Allopurinol inhibits the metabolism of theophylline increasing its side effects like abnormal heart rhythms and seizures.

1055. The upper limit of uric acid is 7 mg/dl.

Pharma Tips-205

1046. Atorvastatin can be taken regardless of food.

1047. Simvastatin is given with food to decrease GI irritation.

1048. Ipecacuanha dose: 

30mL for adults / 15mL for 12 years old /  10mL for 6-12 years old

 its effect within 15-20 minutes

1049. Cisplatin/aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity, vincristine causes neurotoxicity, doxorubicin causes cardiotoxicity.

1050. Penicillamine should be given in an empty stomach.

Pharma Tips-204

1041. Ipratropium nasal spray may cause nose bleeding, nasal dryness, dry mouth or throat and metallic taste.

1042. Baclofen lowers seizures threshold.

1043. Normal creatinine clearance is 2 ml/s/70kg.

1044. Pentamidine and voriconazole are nephrotoxic on IV formulations.

1045. Food increases the bioavailability of lovastatin. 

Pharma Tips-203

1036. Aminoglycosides nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are increased with vancomycin, amphotericin B, cisplatin, and cyclosporine.

1037. Fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, sulfonamides increase warfarin action by increasing INR.

1038. Triazole antifungals like fluconazole are hepatotoxic.

1039. Probenecid decreases renal clearance of antivirals drugs like acyclovir.

1040. Opioids, digoxin, antibiotics may cause nausea and vomiting.

Pharma Tips-202

1031. Linezolid may cause serotonin syndrome with MAOIs or SSRIs. 

1032. Caspofungin is used to treat candidemia in patients with or without neutropenia.

1033. Itraconazole is only available in oral formulation and is used to treat aspergillosis.

1034. Posaconazole is used for refractory invasive fungal infections.

1035. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim are used for prophylaxis against pneumocystis jirovecii and inhaled pentamidine and dapsone are used as alternatives.

Pharma Tips-201

1026. Atacand (candesartan) is a prodrug to increase the bioavailability of the drug.

1027. Ceftazidime is a drug of choice of pseudomonas aeruginosa cause of meningitis.

1028. Imipenem can cause seizures with theophylline.

1029. Carbapenems decrease valproic acid levels.

1030. Ciprofloxacin increases INR with warfarin, and causes nephrotoxicity with cyclosporine.