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1331. Miacalin spray needs priming, and shaking gently.

1332. Levostin eye drops (levocabastine), shake well before using.

1333. Spiriva do not shake it.

1334. Antiarrhythmic classes:

1. Na channel blockers:

a. Prolong AP (action potential); eg. quinidine, and procainamide. 

b. Shorten AP; eg. lidocaine, and phenytoin. 

c. No effect on AP; eg. flecainide, and propafenone.

2. Beta-blockers (block beta one activation); eg. atenolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol, and sotalol. 

3. Potassium/ multichannel blockers; prolong AP, and suppress atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, eg. amiodarone, dronedarone, dofetilide, and sotalol.

4. Calcium channel blockers; slow AV nodal conduction. eg. verapamil, and dilitiazem.

5. Miscellaneous; eg. adenosine, digoxin, and magnesium.

1335. Fosinopril can be used in renal failure without dose adjustment.

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1326. Over-the-counter products and cold products may contain; acetaminophen, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, pyrilamine, diphenhydramine, triprolidine, codeine, dextromethorphan, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, ammonium chloride as expectorant, guaifensin, and sodium citrate. 

1327. Normal values for some elements in the body; 

Sodium 135-145 mEq/L

Potassium 3.5-5 mEq/L

Chloride 95-108 mEq/L

Magnesium 1.5-2.2 mEq/L

Calcium 8.5-10.5 mEq/L

Phosphate 2.5-4.5 mEq/L

1328. Pregnant women with candidiasis can use clotrimazole.

1329. Latanoprost causes iris pigmentation.

1330. Mesna is a uroprotectant used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide, and ifosfamide.

Pharma Tips-260

1321. Limewater is calcium hydroxide.

1322. Sweet oil is olive oil. 

1323. Highly protein-bound drugs may include; barbiturates, sulfur, sulfonamides, clofibrate, tolbutamide, salicylate, and warfarin. 

1324. Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 may include; allopurinol, warfarin, metronidazole, anabolic agents, chloramphenicol, MAOIs, cimetidine, disulfiram, INH, macrolides antibiotics. 

1325. Drugs that induce cytochrome P450 may include; alcohol, nicotine, chloralhydrate, phenobarbital, cortisone, chlordiazepoxide, prednisone, imipramine, and testersterone.

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1316. Drugs that might cause insomnia include; amantadine, amphetamines, anticholinergics, appetite suppressants, beta2 agonists, beta-blockers, bupropion, caffeine, calcium channel blockers, clonidine, cocaine, alcohol, corticosteroids, daunorubicin, decongestants, diuretics, goserelin, leuprolide, levodopa, LSD, medroxyprogesterone, mefloquine, methylphenidate, nicotine, oral contraceptives, pentostatin, phenytoin, progesterone, quinidine, reserpine, SSRIs, selegiline, theophylline, thyroid hormone.

1317. Drugs that could be taken without food may include; penicillin, labetalol, lansoprazole, cefaclor, levodopa, didanosine, lithium, digoxin, metoprolol, diltiazem, nimodipine, etidronate, penicillamine, furosemide, propranolol, indinavir, rifampin, INH, zafirlukast.

1318. Medications that are not used with antacids may include; digoxin, ketoconazole, fluoroquinolones, quinidine, iron preparations, INH, tetracycline, warfarin, 

1319. Burow's solution contains aluminium acetate (astringent).

1320. Dakin's solution contains sodium hypochlorite.

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1311. Drugs that might cause pancreatitis are alcohol, metronidazole, azathioprine, pentamidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, sulfonamides, estrogens, tetracycline, furosemide, thiazides, valproate, glucocorticoids, and mercaptopurine.

1312. Drugs that might cause photosensitivity reactions are amiodarone, naproxen, amitriptyline, oral contraceptives, doxepin, oral hypoglycemics, fluoxetine, phenothiazines, piroxicam, furosemide, griseofulvin, sulfonamide, isotretinoin, tetracycline, ketoprofen, nalidixic acid, and thiazides.

1313. Drugs that might cause parkinsonism are butyrophenones like haldol, heavy metal poisoning, phenothiazines like thorazine, and reserpine. 

1314. Drugs that might induce or cause hyperglycemia are amiodarone, nicotinic acid, oral contraceptives, epinephrine, pentamidine, phenytoin, estrogens, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, and lithium. 

1315. Drugs that should be avoided in pregnancy are atorvastatin, methotrexate, benzodiazepines, misoprostol, ergotamine, pravastatin, finasteride, raloxifene, fluorouracil, simvastatin, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, fluvastatin, thalidomide, vitamin A, isotretinoin, warfarin, and lovastatin. 

Pharma Tips-257

1306. Sweat test is used for cystic fibrosis diagnosis.

1307. Drugs that might cause liver failure are acetaminophen, niacin, niacin, ketoconazole, allopurinol, methotrexate, carbamazepine, cytarabine, erythromycin, flucytosine, gancyclovir, sulfonylureas, valproate, INH, nitrofurantoin, and oral control medications.

1308. Drugs that might affect renal function are NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, gold salts, foscarnet, amphotericin B, cisplatin, cyclosporine, pentamidine, and ACEIs.

1309. Drugs that may cause folic acid deficiency are barbiturates, primidone, methotrexate, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, sulfasalazine, trimethoprim, and triamterene.  

1310. Drugs that might cause erythematosus-like reactions are ethosuximide, phenothiazine, hydralazine, isoniazid, methyldopa, procainamide, quinidine, nitrofurantoin, sulfonamides, penicillamine, and tetracycline.

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1301. Warfarin toxicity antidote is vitamin K.

1302. Coombs test is antibody screening for blood/donor/recipient compatibility.

1303. Prostate-specific antigen test is used for screening to detect prostate cancer.

1304. Prothrombin time is used to monitor warfarin therapy. 

1305. Reinsch test is used to detect heavy metals in biological samples.