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926. Weight loss is caused by levothyroxine, fluoxetine, TCAs, metformin, alpha-interferons, and trazodone. 

927. Pancreatitis is caused by valproic acid, hydrochlorothiazide, metronidazole, pentamidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, alcohol, azathioprine, sulfasalazine, corticosteroids, sulfa drugs, didanosine, 6-MP, zalcitabine, estrogens, tetracycline, thiazides, furosemide, glucocorticoids, mercaptopurine, and diabetes. 

928. Protein urea is caused by captopril, gold, carbamazepine, and penicillamine. 

929. Hyperuricemia is caused by alcohol, diuretics, vitamin B12, levodopa, ASA, niacin, ethambutol, cyclosporine, pyrazinamide, cytotoxic agents, and nitroglycerin. 

930. Folic acid deficiency is caused by phenytoin, carbamazepine, primidone, metformin, sulfasalazine, triamterene, methotrexate, alcohol, and oral contraceptives.

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921. Triazolam is the shortest acting BDZs.

922. Didanosine causes gout.

923. Patient with BP + diabetes and has protein urea give enalapril (ACEI), not captopril, which causes protein urea.

924. Metallic taste is caused by metronidazole, ipratropium, metformin, disulfiram, gold, amiodarone, and penicillamine.

925. Ototoxicity is caused by ASA, NSAIDs, furosemide, vancomycin, erythromycin, ethacrynic acid, and aminoglycosides.

Pharma Tips-179

916. ACEIs increase the sensitivity to insulin so they may cause severe hypoglycemia in patients receiving insulin.

917. Hirsutism is caused by phenytoin, spironolactone, minoxidil, corticosteroids, and cyclosporine.

918. Zalcitabine can cause mouth ulcer (pin sensation).

919. Phenytoin tablets contain 100 % free acid, and 92 % in case of the syrup.

920. Antineoplastic drugs should be prepared and used in 1 hour.

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911. Gabapentin (Neurontin) is indicated for the treatment of partial seizure, and postherpetic pain, which is the pain that lasts for 1-3 months after shingles have healed.

912. The normal heart rhythm known as sinus rhythm originates in specialized cells known as pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node (SA), or sinus node.

913. Flu season is from October to April, but flu vaccination is from October to mid- November.

914. In choosing glucometer for measuring blood sugar level, always consider the size of the display.

915. Mood stabilizers like valproate and lithium.

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906. Modafinil is used to treat narcolepsy in a single dose (morning).

907. Phenytoin is used to treat tonic-clonic (grand mal), and complex partial seizures.

908. Depakene (valproic acid) is indicated for all types of epilepsy.

909. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) should be taken with food to decrease GI irritation, it stimulates the secretion of ADH (antidiuretic hormone), watch out for edema, nausea, vomiting, sedation, and confusion.

910. Ethosuximide is used to treat absence seizures (petit mal).

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901. Fibric acid derivatives (clofibrate) may inhibit the metabolism of anticoagulants and increase the risk of bleeding.

902. Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and clonazepam are used in alcohol withdrawal symptoms. 

903. Diazepam and lorazepam are used in status epilepticus (IV).

904. Short-acting BDZs have half-lives of 2-3 days, while the long-acting BDZs have half-lives of 10-20 days.

905. Chlordiazepoxide is not given IM, since it may cause an extreme pain at the injection site.

Pharma Tips-175

896. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is divided into 3 subtypes:- 

• A. Predominant inattentive (10-20%).
• B. Predominant hyperactive/impulsive (5-10%).
• C. Combined inattentive & hyperactive (70-80%). 

897. Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, TCAs like desipramine, imipramine, and nortriptyline, risperidone, all are used to treat ADHD.

898. CNS stimulants like methylphenidate and amphetamine should not be used with MAOIs to avoid the hypertensive crisis.

899. Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine are used to treat dementia.

900. Memantine is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist is used to treat dementia.

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891. Treatment of Brain injury + agitation propranolol, carbamazepine, divalproex, and BDZs.

892. Treatment of psychosis risperidone + BDZs (IM), olanzapine should not be combined with BDZs, because of the risk of cardiac and respiratory complications.

893. Treatment of mania + agitation risperidone, olanzapine, or quetiapine.

894. Treatment of agitation and aggression 1st generation antipsychotics + BDZs PO or IM (haloperidol + lorazepam). 

895. Treatment of agitation resulted from alcohol withdrawal use diazepam.

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886. Propylthiouracil causes agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, it is used in pregnancy.

887. Metoclopramide causes Parkinson’s like symptoms.

888. Unoprostone is a PG analog, it is used to treat glaucoma.

889. Treatment of delirium + agitation haloperidol, loxapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and benzodiazepines (BDZs).

890. Treatment of dementia + agitation risperidone, quetiapine, haloperidol, trazodone, lorazepam, donepezil, and galantamine.

Pharma Tips-172

881. Hydroxychloroquine is used in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

882. Premarin is used in menopause and vaginal atrophy.

883. Procainamide induces lupus-like syndrome.

884. Pantoprazole is the only PPI, that is available as injection form.

885. Fluoxetine causes insomnia, take it in the morning.