Pharma Tips-311

1571. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.

1572. Deiodination means the removal of iodine from thyroid hormones, is the key initial step in thyroid hormone metabolism.

1573. 95-105 mEq/L is the normal chloride level.

1574. Therapeutic equivalent means bioequivalent and pharmaceutical equivalent has same active ingredient and the same dosage form.

1575. Regular insulin can be given SC or IV, but it is shorter-acting than lispro (onset ~30 min vs. <15 min; duration ~6–8h vs. ~3–5h). Lispro is rapid-acting.

Pharma Tips-310

1566. Amikacin may cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity; therefore, the trough concentration must be less than 10 micrograms per millilitre.

1567. A decrease in bicarbonate and a decrease in carbon dioxide occur in metabolic acidosis.

1568. An increase in bicarbonate and an increase in carbon dioxide the condition will result in metabolic alkalosis. 

1569. Poison ivy causes a type IV hypersensitivity reaction (contact dermatitis).

1570. Bupropion should be very carefully prescribed or mostly avoided for anorexia nervosa and bulimia due to decreased seizure threshold.