Pharma Tips-309

1561. Cardiac glycosides inhibit the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump in cardiac cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium and an enhancement of myocardial contractility.

1562. Digoxin can not be used in ventricular tachycardia. 

1563. 2 grams is the weight of a rectal adult suppository. 

1564. Vaginal suppository ranges from 3-5 grams in weight.

1565. Amiloride is used in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus caused by lithium.

Pharma Tips-308

1556. Levodopa + MAOIs cause a severe hypertensive crisis (discontinue MAOIs 2-4 weeks before using levodopa).

1557. Methylphenidate + MAOIs increases CNS stimulant effect (14-day gap).

1558. Angina is aggravated by cold, anger, being overweight and exercise.

1559.  Diastolic pressure is crucial in verifying if a person has hypertension. 

1560. Hyperlipidemia can cause atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, and pancreatitis. 

Pharma Tips-307

1551. Allopurinol decreases the clearance of theophylline (increases its serum levels).

1552. Colchicine may cause a false-positive test result for RBCs and decrease platelet count.

1553. Allopurinol, a purine analogue, inhibits xanthine oxidase, thereby reducing uric acid formation and inhibiting the breakdown of 6-mercaptopurine, increasing 6-MP serum levels.

1554. Hydroxychloroquine is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

1555. Trazodone + MAOIs interaction leads to serotonin syndrome.

Pharma Tips-306

1546. Fluorouracil (topical) apply with a non-metal applicator or a suitable gloves; if applied with fingertips, wash hands immediately afterwards.

1547. Metformin is used with caution in kidney problems, causes lactic acidosis, and modest weight reduction.

1548. Sulfasalazine may turn the urine/skin colour into yellow-orange, and symptomatic improvement may not be seen for 4-12 weeks.

1549. Calcitonin is not a vitamin D derivative.

1550. Allopurinol inhibits the metabolism (enzyme) of anticoagulants and mercaptopurine, so the dosage of these drugs should be adjusted.

Pharma Tips-305

1541. Keratin is a scleroprotein that that are insoluble in water and serves structural and protective functions.

1542. Glycine is a non-essential amino acid and a precursor in the biosynthesis of heme, which is part of hemoglobin.

1543. Glycogenesis (glucose to glycogen) is controlled by insulin.

1544. Vitamin C acts as a cofactor essential for collagen synthesis.

1545. Lovastatin (Mevacor) should be taken with the evening meal to enhance absorption, and alcohol intake should be limited to reduce the risk of liver toxicity.

Pharma Tips-304

1536. Uracil is only present in RNA.

1537. Vitamin D3 is classified as a hormone.

1538. Glycerol and fatty acids are the end products of the hydrolysis of fixed oils.

1539. Uric acid is the end product of purine.

1540. Jenus Green is used to detect the presence of mitochondria in living cells.

Pharma Tips-303

1531. The most essential vitamin for the breastfeeding baby is vitamin D.

1532. Insulin acts on the cell membrane.

1533. Folic acid is vitamin B9.

1534. Proteins are formed through a reaction between amino acids, known as a condensation reaction, which creates peptide bonds.

1535. Endorphin is the strongest endogenous analgesic.