Pharma Tips-295

1491. Cellulose acetate phthalate is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an enteric coating substance.

1492. Bismuth subsalicylate is an effective absorbent that can absorb toxins, bacteria, and fluids; it has no inherent antimicrobial activity.

1493. The Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test is an in vitro test for pyrogens (bacterial endotoxins). It is more rapid, sensitive, and simpler than the traditional rabbit pyrogen test.

1494. Mineral oil primarily acts by lubricating the intestinal tract and the faecal mass, and the secondary effect is the impairment of water reabsorption in the colon, which results in significant faecal softening.

1495. The most effective saline laxatives are the magnesium and sulfate salts, which are dibasic ions and relatively nonabsorbable.

Pharma Tips-294

1486. A patient with hypertension + diabetes could use diuretics, beta-blockers, ACEIs, ARBs, and CCBs.

1487. A patient with hypertension + chronic kidney disease may use ACEIs or ARBs.

1488. A patient with hypertension + recurrent stroke may use diuretics and ACEIs.

1489. Oxacillin and cloxacillin are acid-stable penicillinase-resistant.

1490. Penicillin V is acid-stable and penicillinase-sensitive.

Pharma Tips-293

1481. People with MS (multiple sclerosis) are susceptible to UTIs.

1482. Doxazosin should be taken at bedtime, as it may cause syncope.

1483. A patient with hypertension and heart failure could use (compelling) diuretics, beta-blockers, ACEIs or ARBs, and aldosterone antagonists. 

1484. A patient with hypertension and post-MI could use beta-blockers, ACEIs, and aldosterone antagonists.

1485. A patient with hypertension + high coronary disease risk could use diuretics, beta-blockers, ACEIs, and calcium-channel blockers. 

Pharma Tips-292

1476. Basic drugs pass more readily into breast milk than acidic drugs.

1477. Indinavir should be taken on an empty stomach with fluid to prevent nephrolithiasis.

1478. HAART = highly active anti-retroviral therapy.

1479. Enalapril is three times more potent than captopril and has no sulfa group.

1480. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus: excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, fatigue, skin infection, slow healing cuts and bruises, and blurred vision.

Pharma Tips-291

1471. Ziprasidone may cause QT prolongation, so a baseline ECG is needed before starting.

1472. Doxycycline oral gel is used for periodontitis.

1473. Norethindrone causes breakthrough bleeding.

1474. The influenza vaccine is available as an injection and intranasal spray.

1475. Chlamydia treatment is:

• Doxycycline.
• Azithromycin.
• Amoxicillin (in pregnancy).

Pharma Tips-290

1466. zidovudine (AZT) may cause anaemia.

1467. Carbamazepine is used in trigeminal neuralgia. 

1468. Antimuscarinics are contraindicated in narrow-angle glaucoma, paralytic ileus, pyloric or intestinal obstruction, and achalasia of the oesophagus and bladder neck obstruction. 

1469. Oseltamivir (tamiflu) is used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza. 

1470. Furosemide increases the toxicity of digitalis.