Pharmacology Tips: July 2025

1461. Some antiepileptics can cause tolerance.

1462. Selenium sulfide is used topically.

1463. Cascara, senna, castor oil, and bisacodyl are stimulant laxatives.

1464. Docusate is a stool softener.

1465. Propylthiouracil may cause agranulocytopenia, leukopenia, or dermatitis.

1456. Limulus test for pyrogens.

1457. Propranolol, nifedipine, and nitroglycerin are subject to first-pass metabolism.

1458. Vitamin C can cause a false positive or negative result on a glucose urine test.

1459. Stadol = butorphanol (opioid).

1460. Prednisone is converted by the liver to prednisolone.

1451. The Noyes-Whitney equation is used to determine the dissolution rate.

1452. Strong acid donates a proton easily.

1453. Ethylene glycol oxidises to oxalic acid (toxic).

1454. Bismuth subsalicylate is an effective absorbent that can absorb toxins and bacteria.

1455. Sublimation is converting a solid to a vapour.

1446. Turbohalers must be changed after a certain time or after a specific number of doses.

1447. The antidote for methotrexate is leucovorin (folinic acid).

1448. Aminoglycosides like gentamycin cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

1449. Magnesium controls neuromuscular activity by modulating calcium influx at the neuromuscular junction.

1450. Capsules are available in two sizes: largest (000) and smallest (5).

1441. AZT (zidovudine) causes anaemia, headache, insomnia, myalgia, leucopenia, and nausea.

1442. The skin infection drug of choice is cloxacillin.

1443. SAL = simvastatin, atorvastatin, and lovastatin to be avoided with grapefruit juice.

1444. SLF = simvastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin to be used at night.

1445. Terazosin should be taken at night and started at a low dose.

1436. SSRI + St. John's wort = serotonin syndrome.

1437. Rosacea treatment involves metronidazole gel and tetracycline or erythromycin for 6 weeks to 6 months in some cases.

1438. Leflunomide washout by cholestyramine 8 grams TID for 11 days or 50 grams of activated charcoal BID for the same period.

1439. COPD complicated cases are given fluoroquinolones.

1440. Vincristine causes peripheral neuropathy and severe constipation.

1431. Vancomycin is not absorbed orally.

1432. Sucralfate should be taken on an empty stomach.

1433. SSRI + TCA = serotonin syndrome.

1434. SSRI + MAOIs = serotonin syndrome.

1435. MAOIs + St. John's wort = serotonin syndrome.

1426. Xalatan = latanoprost =PGF2.

1427. Cisplatin increases creatine levels.

1428. Food increases the bioavailability of lovastatin.

1429. Calcitriol is given in end-stage renal failure.

1430. Zofran (5-HT3 antagonist) is ondansetron.