Pharma Tips-98

511. Drugs that might induce hypoglycemia are BBs, alcohol, pentamidine, quinine, quinidine(high doses), salicylates, insulin, and sulfonylureas.

512. Excessive iron may cause liver cirrhosis and skin pigmentation.

513. Elemental iron content in iron salts; ferrous sulfate 300mg contains 60mg iron, ferrous gluconate 300mg contains 35mg iron, ferrous fumarate 200mg contains 66mg iron, ferrous ascorbate 275mg contains 33mg iron.

514. Breast milk may be kept at room temperature (19-22°c), for up to 10 hours, and in a refrigerator (0-4°c) up to 8 days.

515. Guidelines for a healthy weight:-

Zone A: underweight <20 (BMI)

Zone B: acceptable weight; BMI between 20-24.9

Zone C: possibly overweight; BMI between 25-27

Zone D: overweight or obese; BMI > 27

Pharma Tips-97

506. Ostomy means stoma in greek, that means mouth which is used for artificial opening.

507. Drugs might cause hyperglycemia are alpha-interferons, beta-blockers(BBs), nicotinic acid, diazoxide, cyclosporine, corticosteroids (CTs), pentamidine, phenytoin, tacrolimus, thiazide diuretics, thyroid hormone, amiodarone, Li, and oral contraceptives.

508. Classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus are blurred vision, fatigue, frequent infection, weight loss, polyphagia (hunger), polydipsia, and polyuria.

509. Lipid targets for diabetic patients > 30 years of age, LDL<2.5 mmol/L, TC<4 mmol/L, TGs<2 mmol/L.

510. Hypoglycemia symptoms are sweating, hunger, shakiness, palpitations, anxiety, irritability, mood changes, numb lips or tongue, headache, if untreated causes blurred vision, confusion, slurred speech, convulsions, coma, and death.

Pharma Tips-96

501. Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

502. OTC medications for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are dicyclomine, loperamide, magnesium hydroxide, and lactulose. 

503. Enterobiasis is commonly called pinworm or seatworm, it is caused by entrobius vermicularis.

504. Scotch-tape test (cellulose-tape slide test) to be performed at home to detect the presence of pinworm ova.

505. OTC drugs for pinworm infection are piperazine adipate, pyrantel pamoate, and pyrvinium pamoate.