Pharma Tips-239

1216. Indapamide is a thiazide diuretic.

1217. An iron-fortified formula should be given to infants not taking breast milk.

1218. Fluconazole does not cause renal failure.

1219. Sulfasalazine causes folic acid deficiency.

1220. Doxycycline space by 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals and dairy products, and avoid exposure to the sunlight.

Pharma Tips-238

1211. Aliskiren (renin inhibitor) is used o treat hypertension, high fat meal reduces its absorption, and irbesartan, ketoconazole and atorvastatin increase its serum concentration.

1212. Antidiabetic agents may increase the risk of respiratory infections.

1213. Premarin (estrogen) increases the risk of endometrial cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, and venous thrombosis.

1214. Cilostazol is used in intermittent claudication treatment.

1215. Metronidazole label may include; take with food, metallic taste, avoid alcohol, and discolor stool.

Pharma Tips-237

1206. Oxcarbazepine may cause hyponatremia.

1207. Probenecid (uricosuric agent) is not used in acute attacks, initiate therapy when the acute attack subsides.

1208. Atomoxetine (SNRI) is the first non-controlled drug for ADHD, it increases blood pressure and heart rate.

1209. Oseltamivir is not a substitute for the influenza vaccine.

1210. Amantadine has anticholinergic side effects and causes livedo reticularis.

Pharma Tips-236

1201.  Aspirin should be taken 30 minutes before taking niacin to prevent flushing.

1202. Antacids may reduce the absorption of gabapentin.

1203. Ketorolac should not be taken for more than 5 days, it may cause renal dysfunction.

1204. Liotrix (T3-T4) may increase insulin or oral hypoglycemics requirements.

1205. Fenofibrate may cause cholelithiasis, discontinue if gallstones are found.

Pharma Tips-235

1196. Metoclopramide (dopamine antagonist) given before meals, causes parkinson-like symptoms and reduces the absorption of drugs due to increase gastric motility.

1197. Antituberculosis drugs have risks of liver toxicity.

1198. Disopyramide has severe cholinergic properties.

1199. Sinemet causes a dark colour to saliva, urine, and sweat. 

1200. Metaxalone is a muscular analgesic, that causes liver and kidney toxicity.

Pharma Tips-234

1191. Galantamine (ACh esterase inhibitor) is taken with meals. 

1192. Ribavirin (nucleoside analog) used in hepatitis C, causes hemolytic anemia and is contraindicated in pregnancy.

1193. Propylthiouracil (PTU) is used to treat hyperthyroidism and causes agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia, the only antithyroid that can be used by pregnant women.

1194. Mirtazapine (antidepressant) causes agranulocytosis and weight gain.

1195. Quinidine causes diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and QT prolongation.

Pharma Tips-233

1186. Nadolol is a non-selective beta-blocker, it is contraindicated in asthmatic patients.

1187. Prometrium (progesterone) capsules contain peanut oil, it is contraindicated for patients with peanut allergy, Provera may be used as an alternative.

1188. Ethambutol (antituberculosis) causes optic neuritis.

1189. N-acetylcysteine (acetaminophen antidote) causes severe bronchospasm.

1190. Vancomycin causes nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and red neck syndrome.

Pharma Tips-232

1181. CF = with food, CC = with meals, S = without, TID = three times daily.

1182. QID = four times daily, QBID = one or two times daily, BTID = two or three times daily, TQID = three or four times daily, B = observed, CD = carry dose.

1183. M = Monday, TU = Tuesday. WED = Wednesday, TH = Thursday, FRI = Friday, SAT = Saturday, SUN = Sunday.

1184. BB = before breakfast, BS = before supper.

1185. Three ways to lose weight:

• Eat more fiber and lesser carbohydrates.
• Exercise.
• Sleep early and wake up early.

Pharma Tips-231

1176. CON = constipation, CR = crush, DY = daily, D = day, DI = diarrhea, DR = drink, GTT = drop.

1177. QD = every day, QPM = every evening, QAM = every morning, Q1H = every hour, Q2D = every second day, Q2H = every two hours, Q4-6H = every 4 to 6 hours, FE = fever.

1178. FL = fluid, F = for, G = give, HD = headache, H or HR = hour, AU = in each ear, OU = in each eye, AD = in the right ear, AS = in the left ear, OD = in the right eye, OS = in the left eye.

1179. IEN = in each nostril, INF = inflammation, I = inhale, INJ = inject, IR = insert, INS = instill, R = into the rectum, V = into the vagina, JU = juice, N = night, SS = one half, PA = pain, PL = place, PF = puffs, RA = rash, SW = shake well, SB = shortness of breath.

1180. SP = sparingly, SUPP = suppository, TBL = tablespoonful, TAB = tablet, T = take, TSP = teaspoonful, ADMX = to a maximum of, AA = to affected area, BID = twice daily, SL = under the tongue, UF = until finished, AQ = water, PRN = as required, PRNF = when necessary for, C = with.

Pharma Tips-230

1171. Mirtazapine effects 5-HT2 and alpha antagonist receptor may cause weight gain.

1172. Amoxapine is the active metabolite of loxapine.

1173. PC = after meals, AC = before meals. APL =  application, APP = apply.

1174. AR = arthritis, UD = as directed, HS = at bedtime, stat = at once, BP = blood pressure.

1175. BM = bowel movement, PO = by mouth, CAP = capsule, CI = circulation.

Pharma Tips-229

1166. Interferons cause flu-like symptoms.

1167. The best trial clinical study for a new drug is randomized control trials.

1168. The normal pH of the vagina is 4.5-5, but during menstruation, the pH increases.

1169. Signs are things that appear to our eyes, and symptoms are things that are told by patients.

1170. Topical corticosteroids and anti-inflammatory agents are the mainstays of treatment of aphthous ulcers (triamcinolone, betamethasone. clobetasol paste).

Pharma Tips-228

1161. Varenicline treatment should be started 1-2 weeks prior to the date of stopping smoking, and continue for 12 weeks and another 12 weeks after successful quitting.

1162. Metyrapone is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome.

1163. Sodium docusate is the best and the safest laxative for elderly patients. 

1164. All aerosols and inhalers need priming except Imitrex (sumatriptan).

1165. Biliary colic prevents the absorption of vitamin K.

Pharma Tips-227

1156. Raloxifene decreases the absorption of levothyroxine, they need to be separated by several hours (12hrs).

1157. Rasagiline is MAOI used alone or adjunct to levodopa to treat Parkinson's disease.

1158. Allow 14 days after stopping rasagiline before taking antidepressants, st. John's wort, dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, or meperidine to prevent a hypertensive crisis.

1159. Simvastatin may increase the effect of anticoagulants and decrease the effect of clopidogrel.

1160. Acetazolamide when taken with topiramate may increase the risk of kidney stones. 

Pharma Tips-226

1151. Antibiotics, MAOIs, and oral antidiabetic drugs increase the risk of low blood sugar if given with insulin.

1152. Lactulose may reduce the release of mesalazine at the site of action.

1153. Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) is used as an antacid, it may cause diarrhea, so it is usually given in a combination with the aluminum hydroxide to counteract its laxative effect.

1154. Take folinic acid if you are taking methotrexate to prevent the destruction of the bone marrow and wash your hands after handling methotrexate tablets.

1155. Posaconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat aspergillosis and other fungal infections resistant to other fungal treatments, its bioavailability increases to 90% if taken with high-fat meals. 

Pharma Tips-225

1146. After stopping MAOIs you can start taking fluoxetine after 2 weeks.

1147. After stopping fluoxetine you can start taking MAOIs after 5 weeks.

1148. Fluticasone nasal spray should be started 2-3 weeks before the hayfever season to treat allergic rhinitis.

1149. Formoterol is not recommended in children under 6 years of age.

1150. Ibuprofen may increase the levels of digoxin, lithium, and methotrexate.

Pharma Tips-224

1141. Nitrate patches should be removed before sleep to avoid tolerance.

1142. Loop diuretics are vasodilators by the effect on prostaglandins.

1143. At the start of allopurinol treatment, the drug may cause an acute attack of gout.

1144. Bupropion is used for smoking cessation for up to 9 weeks, it is recommended to be stopped if no progress is made.

1145. Antihistamines should be discontinued approximately 2-3 days before an allergy skin test.