Pharma Tips-218

1111. Itraconazole should be taken after a full meal for optimum absorption.

1112. Doxycycline (Vibramycin) is the most prolonged half-life and the highest lipid-soluble tetracycline, and it is the only one used for the prophylaxis of traveler's diarrhea caused by E.coli.

1113. Amantadine is used for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A infections and used for the treatment of parkinsonism. 

1114. Probenecid (uricosuric) decreases renal excretion of antibiotics increasing their serum concentration leading to prolongation of their actions.

1115. Didanosine and stavudine may cause peripheral neuropathy characterized by numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet or hands.

Pharma Tips-217

1106. The relative ototoxicity by aminoglycosides are streptomycin = kanamycin > amikacin = gentamicin = tobramycin > netilmicin.

1107. The relative nephrotoxicity by aminoglycosides are: neomycin > kanaycin = amikacin = gentamicin = netilmicin > tobramycin > streptomycin.

1108. Streptomycin is used along with isoniazid (INH) for the treatment of tuberculosis.

1109. Chloramphenicol may produce gray baby syndrome in neonates which characterized by vomiting, lethargy, anorexia, gray cyanosis shock, and even death.

1110. Atovaquone is an antiprotozoal agent that is used in the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients intolerant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP).

Pharma Tips-216

1101. Penicillin may cause antibiotic pseudo-membranous colitis which can be treated with vancomycin, cholestyramine, metronidazole, or bacitracin.

1102. Sulfonamides may displace sulfonylureas in the protein binding sites due to higher affinity.

1103. Cefoperazone can be safely administered in renal impairment.

1104. Cefuroxime is the only 2nd generation of cephalosporins that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), however, all 3rd generation can cross BBB.

1105. Azithromycin should be taken without food because food affects the drug bioavailability.