Pharma Tips-212

1081. Diphtheria vaccine is part of the DTP vaccine (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) and is given every 10 years.

1082.  Captopril, gold, and penicillamine maybe cause proteinuria.

1083. MAOIs need 3-4 weeks for full effect; they cause insomnia not to be used in the evening or at night.

1084. A washout period of 5 weeks before starting MAOIs after stopping fluoxetine, and 14 days before starting MAOIs after stopping TCAs.

1085. Fluoxetine not to be used within 14 days after stopping MAOIs.

Pharma Tips-211

1076. Protamine causes black stool.

1077. Alosetron is 5-HT3 antagonist is used to treat severe diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.

1078. Trifluridine (viroptic) eye drops should be kept in the refrigerator.

1079. Influenza vaccine is given annually.

1080. Pneumonia vaccine is given every 5-10 years.

Pharma Tips-210

1071. Tramadol may cause seizures and increased with the concurrent use of MAOIs.
1072. Isoniazid (INH) may cause severe hepatitis.

1073. Ethambutol causes visual impairment and aluminium salts decrease its absorption.

1074. Baclofen may cause seizures and CNS depression.

1075. Co-administration of cyclobenzaprine and tramadol may increase the risk of seizures.  

Pharma Tips-209

1066. Phenothiazines cause photosensitivity.

1067. Ketorolac is not to be used for more than 5 days.

1068. Renal function should be monitored when using indomethacin. 

1069. Mefenamic acid is not advised to be used for more than one week to prevent hemolytic anaemia.

1070. Severe constipation, sedation, nausea and respiratory depression are the main side effects of opioids.

Pharma Tips-208

1061. Galantamine is used for Alzheimer's disease and dementia of vascular origin. 
1062. Topiramate causes weight loss, acute myopia and glaucoma that may require medical advice, fatigue, dizziness, cognitive slowing.

1063. Tobramycin is aminoglycoside antibiotic more active than gentamycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to better lung penetration and bactericidal activity, it causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity and it has a first-pass effect.

1064. Levofloxacin is an isomer of ofloxacin, it causes irreversible peripheral neuropathy and hepatotoxicity.

1065. Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg in divided doses (750 micrograms) each in 12 hours or as a single dose is used as plan B contraceptive treatment.

Pharma Tips-207

1056. Myopathy is the general term of muscle dysfunction.

1057. Myalgia is muscle pain without creatine kinase rise.

1058. Myositis is muscle pain with creatine kinase rise.

1059. Rhabdomyolysis is muscle pain with significant creatine kinase rise and renal dysfunction.

1060. In dyslipidemia, LDL accumulates producing plaques leading to atherosclerosis.

Pharma Tips-206

1051. Cidofovir is contraindicated in patients with severe hypersensitivity to probenecid or sulfa-drugs.

1052. Tamsulosin is used for BPH and not used for hypertension.

1053. Colchicine therapy should be started in 1-2 days after a gout attack.

1054. Allopurinol inhibits the metabolism of theophylline increasing its side effects like abnormal heart rhythms and seizures.

1055. The upper limit of uric acid is 7 mg/dl.

Pharma Tips-205

1046. Atorvastatin can be taken regardless of food.

1047. Simvastatin is given with food to decrease GI irritation.

1048. Ipecacuanha dose: 

30mL for adults / 15mL for 12 years old /  10mL for 6-12 years old

 its effect within 15-20 minutes

1049. Cisplatin/aminoglycosides cause nephrotoxicity, vincristine causes neurotoxicity, doxorubicin causes cardiotoxicity.

1050. Penicillamine should be given in an empty stomach.

Pharma Tips-204

1041. Ipratropium nasal spray may cause nose bleeding, nasal dryness, dry mouth or throat and metallic taste.

1042. Baclofen lowers seizures threshold.

1043. Normal creatinine clearance is 2 ml/s/70kg.

1044. Pentamidine and voriconazole are nephrotoxic on IV formulations.

1045. Food increases the bioavailability of lovastatin. 

Pharma Tips-203

1036. Aminoglycosides nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are increased with vancomycin, amphotericin B, cisplatin, and cyclosporine.

1037. Fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, sulfonamides increase warfarin action by increasing INR.

1038. Triazole antifungals like fluconazole are hepatotoxic.

1039. Probenecid decreases renal clearance of antivirals drugs like acyclovir.

1040. Opioids, digoxin, antibiotics may cause nausea and vomiting.

Pharma Tips-202

1031. Linezolid may cause serotonin syndrome with MAOIs or SSRIs. 

1032. Caspofungin is used to treat candidemia in patients with or without neutropenia.

1033. Itraconazole is only available in oral formulation and is used to treat aspergillosis.

1034. Posaconazole is used for refractory invasive fungal infections.

1035. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim are used for prophylaxis against pneumocystis jirovecii and inhaled pentamidine and dapsone are used as alternatives.

Pharma Tips-201

1026. Atacand (candesartan) is a prodrug to increase the bioavailability of the drug.

1027. Ceftazidime is a drug of choice of pseudomonas aeruginosa cause of meningitis.

1028. Imipenem can cause seizures with theophylline.

1029. Carbapenems decrease valproic acid levels.

1030. Ciprofloxacin increases INR with warfarin, and causes nephrotoxicity with cyclosporine.

Pharma Tips-200

1021. Folic acid is given during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects.

1022. Common conditions that are associated with edema CHF, cirrhosis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome and pregnancy. 

1023. Drugs that may cause edema NSAIDs, calcium channel blockers (CCBs), corticosteroids (CTS), or drugs that interact with diuretics. 

1024. Ethacrynic acid is a diuretic and used in sulfa-allergic patients; may cause severe ototoxicity. 

1025. Tacrolimus and cyclosporine increase potassium levels.   

Pharma Tips-199

1016. Sulfasalazine decreases the GI absorption of digoxin.

1017. Drugs associated with fractures like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), SSRIs, and high doses of vitamin A.

1018. Calcitonin causes non-severe epistaxis, sinusitis, nausea, vomiting and rhinitis.

1019. Cyclobenzaprine and orphenadrine are muscle relaxants.

1020. Isotretinoin causes depression and suicidal thoughts. 

Pharma Tips-198

1011. Anticonvulsants cause sedation, fatigue, affect liver enzymes, blood count and cognition effects. 

1012. Common drugs with serotonergic properties may include MAOIs (phenelzine, selegiline, tranylcypromine), tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline), SSRIs (fluoxetine), miscellaneous (nefazodone, trazodone, venlafaxine, bupropion, buspirone, lithium, amantadine and cocaine).

1013. A woman can breastfeed while taking warfarin.

1014. Fexofenadine levels decrease with aluminium and magnesium antacids (decrease absorption).

1015. Levocabastine, ipratropium, sodium cromoglycate, and beclomethasone each one can be used in allergic rhinitis as a nasal spray.

Pharma Tips-197

1006. Allergic rhinitis often predisposes patients to other conditions like asthma.

1007. Sulfa drugs any compound with a SO2NH2 group like sulfonamide antibiotics, furosemide, thiazide diuretics, dorzolamide, glyburide, acetazolamide, chlorpropamide, and celecoxib.

1008. Aspirin or NSAIDs can cause respiratory reaction, urticaria or angioedema.

1009. Adverse drug reactions are a common problem and 10-15% of them are allergic reactions.

1010. Beta-blockers may cause sexual dysfunction in males.

Pharma Tips-196

1001. Valproic acid causes hepatitis.

1002. Penicillins cause interstitial nephritis.

1003. Clozapine causes agranulocytosis.

1004. First-generation antihistamines should not be used in asthma because they dry up the mucus in the airways.

1005. Anaphylaxis, immediate type of hypersensitivity, type I (IgE) minutes to hours of drug exposure.